The Valencian company IT3D, specialized in 3D digitization solutions, has taken part in a project of great historical relevance: the most comprehensive study ever carried out on the Holy Chalice of Valencia Cathedral. IT3D’s role focused on the 3D scanning of the Holy Chalice, as part of a multidisciplinary research initiative led by the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), aimed at providing new evidence regarding the authenticity of this iconic relic.
Technical leadership and specialized collaboration
El escaneado y la digitalización del cáliz han sido dirigidos por IT3D, contando con el apoyo técnico de Global Geomática. El equipo ha estado compuesto por Juan Antonio Edo como Jefe de Proyecto, Josep Blasco como Responsable Técnico y Rubén Garrigues como Técnico Especializado. Su coordinación permitió ejecutar un proceso meticuloso, asegurando la máxima precisión y la fidelidad de cada detalle del cáliz.
3D Scanning, Photogrammetry, and Digital Analysis of the Holy Chalice
For the digitization of the Holy Chalice, IT3D combined blue-laser 3D scanning, advanced photogrammetry, and digital post-processing to create an extremely precise and visually realistic 3D model.
The blue-laser 3D scanning captured the chalice’s geometry with submillimeter accuracy, generating millions of reference points that reproduce every feature—from engravings and inscriptions to minor imperfections and wear marks—without any physical contact, ensuring the artifact’s full safety.
In parallel, advanced photogrammetry was used to apply color and texture to the digital model. Hundreds of high-resolution photographs were taken from multiple angles under controlled lighting conditions. These images were then mapped onto the 3D geometry, resulting in a fully textured and lifelike digital replica.
Finally, through careful post-processing, point clouds were cleaned, artifacts removed, and precise polygonal meshes generated, incorporating detailed color and texture information. The resulting digital file allows for exact measurements, comparative analysis, inspection of deteriorated areas, and study of manufacturing techniques—all without physically touching the relic. This 3D model is ideal for historical research, restoration, digital exhibitions, and educational applications in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).
Scientific and Museum Applications
The digital file created is not only a top-tier scientific resource but also a powerful cultural and educational tool. It can be used in virtual museums, interactive exhibitions, and educational programs, enabling audiences to explore the chalice from anywhere in the world through AR and VR. This accessibility enhances understanding of historical heritage and brings history to life in a unique way.
History and Study of the Holy Chalice
The Holy Chalice of Valencia Cathedral is one of Christianity’s most revered relics. It is traditionally believed to be the cup used by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. After the crucifixion, the chalice is said to have been taken to Rome, where it was preserved for centuries. In the 3rd century, during the persecutions under Emperor Valerian, Saint Lawrence, a deacon originally from Huesca, brought it back to his homeland to protect it. It later passed through various monasteries and churches until it reached Valencia from the Monastery of San Juan de la Peña in the 15th century.
The authenticity and historical value of the chalice have been studied by Professor Manuel Zarzo of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). His interdisciplinary research combines history, archaeology, theology, and materials science, examining both the symbolism of the cup and its biblical and historical origins.
Professor Zarzo’s publications have offered new perspectives on the religious and cultural significance of the Holy Chalice. His work has been essential for contextualizing IT3D’s 3D scanning, merging scientific rigor with respect for tradition.
Bridging Science and Tradition
IT3D’s collaboration in Professor Zarzo’s research advances the understanding of the Holy Chalice from multiple perspectives. 3D technology provides an unprecedented visual insight into the relic, while historical and archaeological studies offer the context needed to interpret its secrets and symbolism.
The Holy Chalice remains a bridge between past and present, faith and science, history and technology. Thanks to the joint efforts of historians, scientists, and digitalization experts, this relic can now be studied, preserved, and shared without compromising its integrity—bringing its mystery and legacy closer to new generations.
The Digital Revolution in Cultural Heritage
3D digitization, together with augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies, is transforming the museum, cultural, and historical sectors. These tools enable the preservation, analysis, and dissemination of heritage in ways that were once unimaginable.
3D scanning allows for the creation of precise digital replicas of objects and monuments, safeguarding their integrity and enabling detailed study. Photogrammetry adds visual realism, allowing for highly engaging educational and interactive experiences. Through AR and VR, museum visitors and students can interact with cultural heritage, take virtual tours, view historical reconstructions, and explore each detail from multiple perspectives.
This technological transformation not only democratizes access to heritage but also opens new pathways for scientific research, restoration, and documentation. Projects like the 3D scanning of the Holy Chalice of Valencia demonstrate how digital innovation can both preserve history and enrich the way society connects with its past.
In conclusion, the combination of advanced technology, scientific rigor, and respect for tradition is redefining cultural heritage—building a bridge between history and the future—and ensuring that relics like the Holy Chalice continue to inspire generations to come.
